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The synaptonemal complex (SC) surface-spreading technique was used to  visualize the process of chromosome synapsis in spermatocytes and  oocytes of E. talpinus Pallas, 1770, a species with the XX sex  chromosome system in both males and females. We used electron microscopy  and immunofluorescent localization of synaptonemal complex protein  (SCP3) and centromeric proteins to analyze the structure and behaviour  of synaptonemal complexes in prophase I of meiosis, aiming to reveal  signs of meiotic sexual dimorphism in this species. We present evidence  of considerable differences in the structure and behaviour of the axial  structures of sex bivalents in male and female meiosis, despite the  isomorphic G- and C-banding patterns of mitotic sex chromosomes. During  meiotic prophase I, the sex bivalent in females behaved as autosomal  bivalents, but it was not involved in the formation of the bouquet  configuration or it was the first to leave it. The XX chromosomes of  males formed closed sex bivalents. Only short tracts of SC were formed  at both ends of the sex bivalent, while large middle segments of the  lateral elements remained unpaired. The male sex chromosomes also formed  characteristic “sex bodies”. In fact, electron microscopy revealed  dense nucleolus-like bodies associated with unpaired parts of the axial  elements. These regions of the sex chromosomes were poorly  immunostained, because the distribution of SCP3 had a peculiar  powder-like pattern, but SCP3 was not associated with the nucleolus-like  bodies. We also revealed signs of sexual dimorphism in the dynamics of  formation and destruction of autosomal SCs. In males, the total SC  length was shorter than in females. The chromosome bouquet configuration  was preserved up to the stage of early pachytene in females. The  bouquet configuration in males was not expressed. At late pachytene,  gaps were revealed in the structure of autosomal SCs in spermatocytes  immunostained with antibodies to SCP3. The pattern of distribution of  these gaps was comparable with the G-banding patterns of mitotic  chromosomes

comparative cytogenetics

Sexual dimorphism in prophase I of meiosis in the Northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pallas, 1770) with isomorphic (XX) chromosomes in males and females