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This study describes the karyotypes of three species of the genus Peckoltia (Loricariidae: Ancistrini). Fishes were collected in the Jari (Peckoltia sp. 1 and Peckoltia sp. 2) and Xingu rivers (Peckoltia vittata (Steindachner, 1881)) in the Amazon rainforest. Karyotypes were 2n = 52 for Peckoltia vittata (FN=102: 16 metacentrics (m), 20 submetacentrics (sm), 14 subtelocentrics (st), 2 acrocentrics (a)) and Peckoltia sp. 2 (FN=102: 32 m + sm, 18st, 2a). Peckoltia  sp. 1 (FN=102: 44 m + sm, 6st, 2a, 1B) had 2n = 53 due to a B  chromosome. The species differ in chromosomal morphology. Nucleolar  Organizer Regions (NOR) was identified within a distal region of the  long arm of pair 9 in Peckoltia vittata, in pair 10 and in a homologue of pair 25 in Peckoltia sp. 1, as well as in pair 17 and in a homologue of pair 18 in Peckoltia  sp. 2. Chromomycin A3 banding agreed with the location of the NORs.  C-banding patterns revealed large non-centromeric heterochromatic  blocks, probably of a common origin. Our results suggest a higher level  of similarity between Peckoltia vittata and Peckoltia sp. 1

Cytogenetic analysis in catfish species of the genus Peckoltia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)