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The present study aimed to observe the effects of sulindac sulfide on the proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MCF-7, and to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanism. The inhibitory ratio was detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The changes in cell cycle distribution were assessed using flow cytometry (FCM). Furthermore, the changes in cell apoptosis rates were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and FCM coupled with Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining. In addition, the protein expression was detected using western blotting. Sulindac sulfide was able to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, sulindac sulfide altered the cell cycle of breast cancer cells. The results of Hoechst 33258 staining and FCM coupled with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining demonstrated that sulindac sulfide could significantly induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent, and time-dependent manner. The western blot analysis demonstrated the protein expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated, and Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated. The results of the present study suggest that sulindac sulfide can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.

Effects of sulindac sulfide on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell