UTILIZATION OF ROSMARIN LEAF OIL (Rosmarinus officinalis L) ON Culex Quinquefasciatus MOSQUITO LARVA AS A FILARIASIS VECTOR (ELEPHANT FOOT DISEASE)

Elephantiasis (filariasis / elephantiasis) is still endemic in hundreds of districts in Indonesia and has become a health problem for the world community in accordance with the resolution of the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1997. This is caused by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as one of many filariasis vectors found in urban areas (Gandahusada et al., 1998), while the number of filariasis chronic cases reported until 2009 was 11,914 cases. Filariasis / elephantiasisi is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worm infection transmitted by various types of mosquitoes in the lymph nodes, this disease is chronic (chronic) and if it does not get treatment can cause permanent disability in the form of enlargement of the legs, arms and genitals both women and men man. Rosmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a multifunctional plant in Indonesia especially abroad, one of its benefits is as larvicides. Because rosmarin has a chemical compound, one of them is essential oil which has larvicidal effectiveness on Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae as vector filariasis (elephantiasis) Essential oil was obtained by distillation of fresh rosmarin leaves, then each extract was made with 1000 ppm stock solution and then made 6 series of concentration of 12.5 ppm to 300 ppm then tested on 20 larvae of instar III Culex quinquefasciatus, Observations were made after 24 hours and calculated LC90 uses an analysis of the orbit. The results obtained were only essential oils of Rosmarin leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) which had larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae, with LC90 182,9756 ppm. Keywoard: essential oil, rosmarin, Culex quinquefasciatus, filariasis, elephantiasis Introduction Elephantiasis (filariasis / elephantiasis) is still endemic in hundreds of regencies in Indonesia due to Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as filariasis vectors found in urban areas (Gandahusada et al., 1998). One of the efforts taken to prevent mosquito-borne diseases is using insecticides. But synthetic insecticides have negative impacts, among others, environmental pollution, predator death, resistance of target insects, can kill pets, even humans (Susanna et al. , 1999) In connection with this, it is necessary to make an effort to obtain natural insecticides derived from chemical compounds contained in plants, so that we try to test the effectiveness of larvicides using rosmarin. The purpose of using rosmarin as an insecticide (larvacide) is to find natural insecticides with the content of active compounds in it so that it is expected to have a contribution in killing Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as filariasis vectors (elephantiasis). Methods A. Research Stages 1. Determination of plants in this research phase is to determine the correctness of a sample of rosmarin plant (Rosmarinus Utilization Of Rosmarin Leaf Oil (Rosmarinus Officinalis L) On Culex Quinquefasciatus Mosquito Larva As A Filariasis Vector (Elephant Foot Disease) Volume 1 Issue 1 (2018) 28 officinalis L.) which is related to its characteristics and morphology with plant determination instructions conducted at the Laboratory of the Center for Research and Development of Traditional Medicinal and Medicinal Plants (B2P2TO2T) in Tawangmangu area, Karanganyar. 2. Material collection Rosmarin leaves that are young and fresh, which have been separated from the trunk, are taken from the Tawangmangu, Karanganyar area. 3. Water distillation Rosmarin leaves 100 grams for one time refining. The material is put into a 1000 ml distillation flask, then added with 500 ml aquadestilata until the sample is submerged and connected with a kjedahl tube and filled with water then connected with a condenser (cooler) mounted upright. After the appliance is installed, then heated to boiling and moisture rises. Distillation lasts for 5 hours and then 30 minutes is added to see that the essential oil really does not drip again, then observed the volume of essential oil that is distilled. The oil obtained is added with sodium sulfate to remove water. The oil obtained is then stored in a brown bottle and filled full, tightly closed and protected by light. 4. Test for larvicidal activity Approximately 42 containers were used for the test media for 6 series of sample concentrations tested, 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm, along with abate as a positive control, aquadest as a negative control for each sample for two types of mosquito larvae. The volume of each test media was 80 ml with 20 instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Each concentration of essential oil is tested with repetition 3 times. Larval mortality can be observed after 24 hours after treatment by calculating the percentage of larval mortality. 5. Analysis Method Determination of LC90. The number of larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus that died after the treatment was determined by the death rate. Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae are then searched for probit by using probit conversion table, after the probit value is known for each concentration then a relationship curve is made between log concentration (X) and probit (Y) value which is a linear relationship with a straight line Y = a + bx. After that, the LC90 price is calculated from the equation Y = a + bx by entering the probit value of 90% of the death of the test animal as (Y), then the antilog will be obtained (X) as the price of the LC90. 6. Category of larval condition after treatment Larvae that are considered dead when the larvae are given stimulation of the movement of water do not give a movement response, the larvae are touched with a stirring rod does not also provide a movement response.The larvae are considered alive when the active larvae move, the larvae live above the surface of the water by hanging to form an angle to the surface of the water, the larvae are given stimulation of the movement of water, giving a response to the movement and the larvae are touched with a stirring rod also provides a movement response. 7. Larvacide test scheme for essential oils, rosmarin leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on each Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae Results And Discussion A. Research Results of Rosmarin Leaf Essential