Challenges and Future in Precision Cardiovascular Medicine

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the global leading cause of mortality and also impose major burdens on morbidity, quality of life, and societal costs despite of the remarkable progress of cardiovascular (CV) treatment over the past 50 years. CVD therapy improves CV outcomes in less than half of patients. Precision medicine is an attractive and advancing strategy to enhance for disease prevention, diagnosis, and tailored treatment and allocate limited resources more wisely and effectively. We are now in the middle of fourth industrial revolution by a robust confluence of biotechnology, physical science and information technologies. This approach is in its premature so far, but has begun to yield useful information that moves from the conventional ‘average response’ approach to more specific and targeted approaches governed by individual variability. This review aims to how precision medicine, genomics, and epigenetics work together to create a new era of CV precision medicine.