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Trypanosoma vivax caused between 1995 and 1997 a devastating disease in Bolivian and Brazilian Pantanals. These regions are very important beef cattle breeding in Brazil and Bolivia. The principal clinical signs of bovine trypanosomosis in livestock were anemia, severe leucopenia, and abortion. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the risk factors of the natural bovine trypanosomosis in the Bolivian and Brazilian Pantanals. We concluded that the principal risk factors related to T. vivax transmission in the Bolivian and Brazilian Pantanals were the transportation by foot, because the conditions for acquisition or transmission of T. vivax were greatest at the numerous resting places along the route, the use of contaminated needles during vaccinations, and transmission by tabanids during the rainy season. The fauna contamination should be also considered. Key-words : Bovine trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma vivax , risk factors, Bolivia, Brazil ABORDAGEM SOBRE OS FATORES DE RISCO DA TRIPANOSOMOSE BOVINA DEVIDO AO Trypanosoma vivax NOS PANTANAIS BOLIVIANO E BRASILEIRO RESUMO O Trypanosoma vivax causou entre 1995 e 1997 doenca devastadora nos Pantanais da Bolivia e Brasil. Estas regioes sao importantes criatorios de bovinos de corte nos dois paises. Os principais sinais clinicos da tripanosomose bovina foram anemia, leucopenia severa e aborto. O proposito do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores de risco da tripanosomose bovina natural nos Pantanais da Bolivia e do Brasil. Concluimos que os principais fatores de risco relacionados a transmissao do T. vivax nos pantanais boliviano e brasileiro foram o transporte a pe, porque as condicoes para a aquisicao ou transmissao do T. vivax foram maiores nos numerosos locais de descanso do animais ao longo das estradas boiadeiras, o uso de agulhas contaminadas durante as vacinacoes e a transmissao pelos tabanideos durante a estacao chuvosa. A contaminacao da fauna deveria ser considerada. Palavras-chaves : Tripanosomoses bovina, Trypanosoma vivax , fatores de risco, Bolivia, Brasil. ABORDAJE SOBRE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO DE LA TRIPANOSOMOSIS BOVINA DEBIDO AL Tripanosoma vivax EN LOS PANTANALES BOLIVIANO Y BRASILENO RESUMEN Trypanosoma vivax ha causado entre 1995 y 1997 una enfermedad devastadora en los Pantanales bolivianos y brasilenos. Los Pantanales son regiones muy importantes que crian ganados vacunos en el Brasil y Bolivia. Los principales sintomas de la trypanosomosis de los bovidos fueron anemia, leucopenia severa y aborto. El proposito del actual estudio fue analizar los factores de riesgo de la tripanosomosis natural de los bovidos en los Pantanales bolivianos y brasilenos. Concluimos que los factores de riesgo principales se relacionaron con la transmision del T. vivax fueron el transporte a pie, porque las condiciones para la adquisicion o la transmision del T. vivax eran mayores en los lugares de reclinacion que son numerosos a lo largo de la ruta, del uso de agujas contaminadas durante vacunaciones, y de la transmision por los tabanos durante la estacion de lluvias. La contaminacion de la fauna debe ser considerada. Palabras-claves : Tripanosomosis de los bovidos, Trypanosoma vivax , factores de riesgo, Boliva, Brasil.

Approach on risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in the Bolivian and Brazilian pantanals