Des interactions sociales en formation universitaire à distance. Une approche microsociologique exploratoire et inférentielle

Resumo Neste artigo, nosso interesse esta na organizacao das interacoes sociais em um dispositivo de formacao universitaria on-line. As hipoteses presumam que, apesar da distância entre os estudantes, as interacoes sao ricas e estruturadas. As exigencias tecnicas e as caracteristicas espaco-temporal influenciam os atores que agissem na organizacao social. A metodologia consiste em observar os tracos das trocas entre estudantes engajados em uma aprendizagem colaborativa em um forum de discussao do « campus numerico » FORSE. A dimensao exploratoria e completada por uma analise inferencial que consiste em examinar os conceitos goffmanianos e sua congruencia ao campo especifico das interacoes sem co-presenca fisica. Propomos assimilar esse ambiente numerico a um quadro de experiencia onde se instaura uma ordem interacionista que precisamos compreender melhor. Palavras-chave: interacoes sociais, formacao a distância, campus numerico, forum de discussao, sociologia interacionista Resume Dans cet article, nous nous interessons a l’organisation des interactions sociales dans un dispositif de formation universitaire en ligne. Les hypotheses presument que, malgre la distance entre les etudiants, les interactions sont riches et structurees. Les contraintes techniques et les caracteristiques spatio-temporelles influent sur les acteurs qui agissent sur l’organisation sociale. Le champ theorique est celui de la sociologie interactionniste d’Erving Goffman. La methodologie consiste a observer les traces des echanges entre six etudiants engages dans un apprentissage collaboratif sur un forum de discussion du campus numerique FORSE. La dimension exploratoire est completee d’une demarche inferentielle consistant a examiner les concepts goffmaniens pour considerer leur congruence au champ specifique des interactions sans copresence physique. Nous proposons d’assimiler cet environnement numerique a un nouveau cadre de l’experience ou s’instaure un ordre interactionnel qu’il s’agit de mieux comprendre. Mots-cles : Interactions sociales, formation a distance, campus numerique, forum de discussion, sociologie interactionniste Abstract In this paper, we are interested in the organization of social interactions on an academic online training device. Hypotheses assume that, despite the distance between the students, interactions are rich and structured. The technical constraints and the space or temporal features have an effect on the actors who act on the social organization. The theoretical field is the interactionist sociology of Erving Goffman. The methodology consists in observing the traces of trade between six stu-dents engaged in collaborative learning on a discussion group of the digital campus FORSE. The exploratory aspect is supplemented by an inferential approach consider-ing if the Goffman's concepts are appropriate for the specific field of social interactions without physical presence. We propose to liken this digital environment to a new frame of experience where an interactional order is established that it is necessary to better understand. Keywords : Social interactions, distance training, digital campus, discussion group, interactionist sociology