Grandeur et décadence de la « partitocratie redistributive régulée ». L'évolution du système politique au Japon et en Italie depuis la guerre

sources disponibles pour la redistribution via les partis. Elle pose la question de la transformation de deux pay s qui apparaissent encore, à certains égards, comme des « empires » formés de « réserves indiennes » mal intégrées, en véritables communautés politiques.Greatness and decline of the «regulated redistrffiutive partitocracy ». the development of the political system in postwar japan and italy In both Italy and Japan, the representative regimes derived from the late 19th c. reforms were unable to establish their legitimacy. In 1945, the fall of the strong regimes which succeeded them gave birth in both countries to a rigid constitutional order which established de facto the parties ' domination over the executive. In both cases, after a phase of confrontation, there appeared a « regulated re distributive partitocracy » in which all the established parties agreed to cohabit and share benefits on behalf of their particular clienteles. Although this institutionalized collusion undermined the legitimacy of the regime, as observed in both countries during the 1970s, that system ensured a strong social cohesion and a satisfactory redistribution during three decades of modernization. Its present questioning - much more radical in Italy than in Japan — appears to be linked less to the end of the Cold War, as often claimed, than to the reduction of resources available for redistribution via the parties. This begs the question of the transformation of countries which still, in some ways, appear to be « empires » made up of poorly integrated « Indian reservations », into genuine political communities.Bouissou Jean-Marie, Pombeni Paolo. Grandeur et décadence de la « partitocratie redistributive régulée ». L'évolution du système politique au Japon et en Italie depuis la guerre. In: Revue française de science politique, 51ᵉ année, n°4, 2001. pp. 545-567