Open AccessTravel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature
Author(s) -
Narcisa Muresu,
Giovanni Sotgiu,
Bianca Maria Are,
Antonio Cossu,
Clementina Cocuzza,
Marianna Martinelli,
Sergio Babudieri,
Riccardo Are,
Antonio Azara,
Laura Saderi,
Andrea Piana
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of environmental research and public health/international journal of environmental research and public health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.747
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1661-7827
pISSN - 1660-4601
DOI - 10.3390/ijerph17020615
Subject(s) - typhoid fever , medicine , sanitation , hygiene , disease , environmental health , epidemiology , outbreak , salmonella typhi , infectious disease (medical specialty) , incidence (geometry) , intestinal infectious diseases , intensive care medicine , public health , virology , biology , pathology , biochemistry , physics , escherichia coli , optics , gene
Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.