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The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for improved management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Recent developments have identified a number of these novel biomarkers in urine that can determine the potential risk of kidney damage. This research have elucidated that there are some biochemical enzymatic markers that have strong relationships with kidney disease and renal failure and could be used for diagnostic purposes, such as arginase and carbonic anhydrase that show a significant activity increase in both male and female patient's urine in all age stages at probability P<0.001 compared with normal one, this increase due to changes in kidney's histopathological changes such as apoptosis and inflammation in addition to the damage in renal's distal tubules. Fluorescence spectrophotometric technique reveals that some natural urine's fluorophores intensities changed according to the clinical state of the persons, for this it can be utilized as a diagnostic indicator of some diseases such as kidney diseases and renal failure as shown in this research which indicated that the intensities of patient's urine emission fluorescence peaks have changed in both males and female patient's urine especially at 352, 353, 363 nm,401, 425,438,445 nm, 438-445nm and 703nm compared with healthy ones at fixed excitation wavelength 350-400 respectively. We conclude from current research that urine could be utilized as an alternative to blood sample due to its easy to get beside many natural urine's metabolic fluorophores intensities and enzymes activities could be changed according to the clinical state of the persons, for this they can be utilized as indicators for kidney disease and renal failure.

Detection of some Biochemical Indicators and Auto-Fluorescence Spectrophotometer of Kidney Disease and Renal Failure Patient's Urine