EFFECT OF BROILER DIET COMPOSITION ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

An experiment was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine to investigate the effect of two types of broiler starter diets, with or without animal protein, on Newcastle disease antibody production. Bursal weight index was also studied. Two replicates with 10 male broiler chicks, each were used in each treatment groups, A and B, for a total of 40 birds .The experimental birds were reared from day old till 4 weeks of age. Results revealed that there were no significant effects on antibody titer and bursal weight index, due to different types of the experimental diets. It was found that out of antibody titers 20 and 40, only 3 and 2 birds were found to be positive, respectively .Where as out of antibody titers 80 and 160 only 3 birds from each group, A and B, where found to be positive verses 8 and 4 birds from group B were shown to be positive. INTRODUCTION There are extremely important interaction, synergism and antagonisms between nutrition and immunity that markedly affect productivity of poultry (Calnek et al,1997). Practically, there are many types of diets can be used for broilers. It is now more difficult to give general recommendations for allocation of these diets, since we now have the situation of broilers bird being processed at different ages .Therefor different nutrients are required according to the stages of production (Lesason and Summers,1997). Although there is a lack for many types from which the dietary level of nutrients required to supply adequate substrate to the immune system, to optimize disease resistance, is higher than the level set by the NRC (1994). However, for most requirement the levels that optimize growth and reproduction are also adequate for optimal immune competence(Pawison et al.,1996). Dietary manipulations of some nutrient result in immunoegulatory consequences due to the participation of the nutrient or it’s products in communication within and between Leucocytes (Dietert et al.,1994). With the economy of many third world countries improving, there appears to be increased demand for animal products especially poultry meat is ideally suited to meet the increased demand for animal products with improved efficiency of production, and in this sense, chickens continue to be the least expensive meat in most countries. But, because feed still represents by far the major cost of production of all poultry products, there is continual need to evaluate new or different sources of ingredients and to continually re-examine the more common ingredients, especially if the effect of these feed ingredients on external environment is to be considered, in the manure nutrient residues. Currently the focus is on phosphorous and nitrogen Received 16/2/2006 Accepted 16 /8/2006 Mesopotamia J. of Agric. (1SSN 1815-316X) Vol.(34) No.(3) 2006 excretion by animals, as expected becomes most critical in areas of very intensive production (Al-Zubeady, 1997). So nutritionist’s role is to reduce manure nutrients residues, which revolves around diet formulation, the solution is the formulation of practical diets which provide a minimum excess of amino acids, by using methionine, lysine and threonine which are now available at competitive prices. However, it should be stressed that neither feed cost, nor effect of feed ingredients on the environment should overlooked the interactions between nutrition and immunity and infection diseases. Chiefly because, nutrition affects the immunocompetence, of birds and, thus their resistance to infectious diseases can be noticed. Partly because, immune response due do infections, challenges affect growth, reproduction, metabolism and nutrient requirements (Cary, 1985). So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding of two types of broiler diets, differed in their protein source on Newcastle disease antibody production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourty, day-old male broiler chicks (cobb) were individually weighted, wing banded and housed in heated battery brooders under continuos fluorescent lighting. Chicks were randomly divided into two groups (treatments), 20 chicks each, with two replicates of 10 chicks each, fed two types of diets (Table 1). Feed and water were given ad libitum. level of P<0.05(Klasing, 1997). Table (1): Diets used in experimental groups Inqrediant Group A% Group B% Corn 57.2 60.5 Soybean meal (48%) 31.5 30.7 Meat meal (50%) Fish meal (60%) 1.0 2.0 ـ ـ ــ Fat (vegetable oil) 4.6 4.5 Ground Limestone 1.3 1.5 Calciun phosphate(20%P) 1.0 1.5 Iodized salt 0.3 0.3 Vitamin: Mineral premix 1.0 1.0 Methionine 0.08 0.06 Crude protine % 21.8 20.0 Ether extract % 7.0 7.0 Metabolizable Energy(Kcal/kg) 3045 3146 Calcium % 0.98 0.95 Available phosphorous% 0.42 0.42