Analysis of Blood Serum and Gallstone Lipids Composition of Gallstone Patients

This study was designed to compare the level of lipid fractions and percentage of fatty acids in serum and gallstones in patients with gallstone, the study include 25 gallstone patients who were diagnosed by ultrasonography,the age is between (40-60) year and compared with (25) normal subject with same age were collected as control and measurement of a number of biochemical parameters in serum and gallstone,as well as analysis and measurement of percentage of fatty acids in the fatty Analysis of Blood Serum and Gallstone Lipids Composition of Gallstone ... 2 component of serum and gallstone (cholesterol ester, phospholipids and triglyceride) by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then reesterfication fatty acids and measurement percentage of fatty acids using capillary gas chromatography (CGC). also the study include chemical composition of gallstones by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). the result of this study show that there is a significant differences in the level of studied biochemical parameter and fatty acids percentage in gallstone patients compared with the control group. INTRODUKCTION Gallstones form when liquid stored in the gall bladder hardens into pieces of stone-like material. The liquid, called bile, is used to help the body digest fats. Bile is made in the liver, then stored in the gall bladder until the body needs to digest fat. At that time, the gall bladder contracts and pushes the bile into a tube-called a duct-that carries it to the small intestine, where it helps with digestion. Bile contains water, cholesterol, fatty acids, fats, bile salts, and bilirubin. Bile salts break up fat, and bilirubin gives bile and stool a brownish color. If the liquid bile contains too much cholesterol, bile salts, or bilirubin, it can harden into stones. The two types of gallstones are cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are usually yellow-green and are made primarily of hardened cholesterol. They account for about 80 percent of gallstones. Pigment stones are small, dark stones made of bilirubin. Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. The gallbladder can develop just one large stone, hundreds of tiny stones, or almost any combination (1). The process of gallstone formation is referred to as cholelithiasis. It is generally a slow process, and usually causes no pain or other symptoms. Patients can have a mixture of the two types(2). The effects of dietary factors are less conclusive; additional studies are therefore necessary to clarify their relevance in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease. Recent discoveries of the role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of fatty acid and hepatic cholesterol metabolism and excretion open new perspectives for a better understanding of the role of dietary constituents on cholesterol gallstone formation(3). Materials and Methods 1. Samples collection:In this study the blood samples were collected from gallstone patients after fasting period for (10-12) hours and (5)ml of blood from each subject was collected and serum was separated from it and then divided in to two parts: 1 st part measurement of the following parameters total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),