Relation of Serum Antioxidants in patients with Periodontal Disease Status

The study was conducted to investigate the levels of some antioxidants (Glutathion, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Uric acid, Total protein and Albumin) in serum. Relation of Serum Antioxidants in patients with Periodontal Disease Status. 30 Fifty six subjects were divided into two groups; group I involves (30) patients with periodontal disease and group II involves (26) healthy subjects (control). Group I was also subdivided into two subgroups; group IA (smokers) and group IB (nonsmokers). Analysis of the results showed that there was a significant increase in the level of total protein in patients in comparison with control group. Antioxidant levels were significants decreased in patients with control (Glutathion, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Albumin). There was no difference in the level of uric acid between the two groups. The study also included the measurement of the levels of the investigated antioxidants in smokers and non smokers patients. The results indicated that there was no significant differences in the mean concentrations of antioxidant between smokers and non smokers except for glutathione level, where there was significant decrease in smoker in comparison with non smoker patients. Introduction Periodontitis, an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium damages the bone connective tissue that supports the teeth. Periodontal disease is one of the most commonly reported chronic adult conditions. The disease state ranges from gingivitis to periodontitis and advanced periodontitis (1) . Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects 1015% of the developed world population and is the major cause of tooth loss in adults (2) . The predominant inflammatory cell (96%) within the healthy connective tissues and epithelium of the gingiva is the polymerphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) (3) . In aggressive and chronic forms of periodontitis, PMNLs appear to be functionally activated and exhibit increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecules are reported to be capable of inducing periodontal tissue destruction and are associated with osteoclastic bone resorption (4) . The degree to which ROS influence the progression of periodontal diseases is as yet unclear, but their role cannot be considered in isolation, given the range of antioxidant species that protects against excess ROS activity and maintains a delicate equilibrium within host tissues contain (5) . The human body does contain an array of antioxidant defense mechanisms (non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants) to remove harmful ROS as soon as they are formed and to prevent their deleterious effects (6) . The non enzymatic antioxidants include vitamins E,A,C and reduced glutathione (GSH), while the enzymatic antioxidants include super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) (7) .