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Sexual size dimorphism is an interesting phenomenon occurred in many fish species. Wildtype zebrafish exhibits a significant sexual dimorphism in body size at the adult stage. Previous studies indicated that sexual size dimorphism was eliminated in  stat5b -mutated zebrafish. Herein, the comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to observe the genes and pathways involved in sexual size dimorphism. The number of male-biased and female-biased genes was much less in the liver of  stat5b  mutant zebrafish than in wildtype. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that multiple pathways related to metabolism were affected upon loss of  stat5b  function. qRT-PCR results also validated that sexually dimorphic expression of a set of genes was lost when  stat5b  was mutated. Furthermore, the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) detected many candidate genes related to the growth traits and  stat5b  function, such as  greb1 ,  lepr,  and  igf2b . Our data suggest that  stat5b  should regulate the sexually dimorphic gene expression in zebrafish liver and add in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual size dimorphism in fish species.

Stat5b Regulates Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in Zebrafish Liver