Open AccessThe Influence of Temperature on the Antiviral Response of mIgM+ B Lymphocytes Against Hirame Novirhabdovirus in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Author(s) -
Xiaoqian Tang,
Xinbiao Ma,
Jing Cao,
Xiuzhen Sheng,
Jing Xing,
Heng Chi,
Wenbin Zhan
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
frontiers in immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.646
H-Index - 124
ISSN - 1664-3224
DOI - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.802638
Subject(s) - olive flounder , flounder , flow cytometry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , andrology , medicine , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery
Hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) is an ongoing threat to the aquaculture industry. The water temperature for the onset of HIRRV is below 15°C, the peak is about 10°C, but no mortality is observed over 20°C. Previous studies found the positive signal of matrix protein of HIRRV (HIRRV-M) was detected in the peripheral blood leukocytes of viral-infected flounder. Flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that HIRRV-M was detected in mIgM + B lymphocytes in viral-infected flounder maintained at 10°C and 20°C, and 22% mIgM + B lymphocytes are infected at 10°C while 13% are infected at 20°C, indicating that HIRRV could invade into mIgM + B lymphocytes. Absolute quantitative RT-PCR showed that the viral copies in mIgM + B lymphocytes were significantly increased at 24 h post infection (hpi) both at 10°C and 20°C, but the viral copies in 10°C infection group were significantly higher than that in 20°C infection group at 72 hpi and 96 hpi. Furthermore, the B lymphocytes were sorted from HIRRV-infected flounder maintained at 10°C and 20°C for RNA-seq. The results showed that the differentially expression genes in mIgM + B lymphocyte of healthy flounder at 10°C and 20°C were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. Lipid metabolism and Amino acid metabolism were enhanced at 10°C, while Glucose metabolism was enhanced at 20°C. In contrast, HIRRV infection at 10°C induced the up-regulation of the Complement and coagulation cascades, FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, Platelets activation, Leukocyte transendothelial migration and Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathways at 72 hpi. HIRRV infection at 20°C induced the up-regulation of the Antigen processing and presentation pathway at 72 hpi. Subsequently, the temporal expression patterns of 16 genes involved in Antigen processing and presentation pathway were investigated by qRT-PCR, and results showed that the pathway was significantly activated by HIRRV infection at 20°C but inhibited at 10°C. In conclusion, HIRRV could invade into mIgM + B lymphocytes and elicit differential immune response under 10°C and 20°C, which provide a deep insight into the antiviral response in mIgM + B lymphocytes.