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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now considered as a treatment of choice for symptomatic gall stones. Although the difference in the outcome, including conversion rate, operation time, hospital stay, complications and the effect of gender, is emphasized, but no enough data could be found in the literature regarding the effect of gender on the outcome of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis. This study aimed to define the effect of gender on the laparoscopic cholecystectomy for Chronic Cholecystitis. A randomized, coherent and prospective clinical trial was carried out at Hatwan Private Hospital for Endoscopic Surgery and Al Sulaimania Teaching Hospital to evaluate the sex difference as predictor for difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. From a total number of 712 patients, who were underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for Chronic Cholecystitis from 1st June 2002 to 1st of January 2011) three hundred and eighty eight patients were excluded according to exclusion criteria and the remaining 313 patients were included. All the operation were done by the same team and by the same surgeon , Standard four-port technique through a 'closed' method, was used, with first entry port in the periumblical region. Anesthetic technique and peri-operative management were not modified during the study period. Patients who were candidates for elective cholecystectomy, were mostly females with (F:M ratio= 3/1), mean age 28 years (range 20-50 years) with mean age of 34 years(range 20-49 years) for the females, 37years (range 20-50 years) for the males. There were more difficult cholecystectomies in males in comparison to female patients for chronic cholecystitis. In conclusion, male gender is a predictor for difficult laparoscopy for symptomatic gallstones presented as chronic cholecystitis.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS