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Resumen: Se evaluo los efectos del mestizaje, ciclo de lactacion y suplementos alimenticios en la composicion de la leche de vacas del sector El Retorno, las cuales mantenian similares condiciones de manejo y alimentacion basada en pasto gramalote ( Axonopus scoparius ). De acuerdo al mestizaje de las vacas, se agruparon en minimo mestizaje (criollas), bajo mestizaje y mediano mestizaje con la raza Holstein. Los ciclos de lactacion se establecieron hasta 3 meses, desde 4 hasta 6, y mayores a 6 meses. Los suplementos alimenticios consistieron en sal, sal y melaza, y el grupo sal y balanceado. Los analisis de la leche se realizaron mediante un equipo Lactoscan marca Milkotronic, se determino el contenido de grasa, proteina y solidos totales. Los resultados obtenidos indican, que las tres variables influyen en la composicion de la leche ( p <0.05). El contenido de grasa de la leche proveniente de vacas de mediano mestizaje (4.30 %) fue significativamente mayor que la de vacas criollas (3.63 %), sin mantener diferencia significativa con las de bajo mestizaje (3.99 %), entre las vacas criollas y de bajo mestizaje no existio diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de proteina de la leche (3.07 % y 3.01 % respectivamente), la leche proveniente de vacas de mediano mestizaje obtuvo el menor contenido de proteina (2.89 %). La leche de vacas mayores a seis meses presento el mayor porcentaje de grasa (4.35 %) y mayor contenido de solidos totales (11.60 %). La leche de vacas alimentadas con sal y melaza contenia un mayor porcentaje de grasa (4.42 %) y solidos totales (11.90 %). Se concluye que el mestizaje, ciclo de lactacion y suplementos alimenticios, influyen en la composicion de la leche del hato ganadero del sector El Retorno. Abstract: The effects of crossbred, lactation cycle and food supplements were evaluated in the composition of milk from the cows that belong to El Retorno sector, which had similar handling and feeding conditions from gramalote grass (Axonopus scoparius) . According to the crossbreeding of cows, they were classified as creole, crossbred low and crossbred medium. The lactation cycles were established from 0 to 3 months, from 4 to 6 and higher than 6 months. The food supplements consisted of salt, salt and molasses, and the salt and feed. The milk analyses were done through an ultrasonic milk analyzer (LACTOSCAN) Milcotronic brand, the content of milk fat, protein and total solids were determined. The results obtained showed that the three variables influence in the composition of milk (p<0.05). The fat content of the milk that comes from crossbreeding medium cows (4.30 %) was significantly higher than the creole cows (3.63 %); between the creole cows and the ones of crossbreeding low, there was not a significant difference in the percentage of milk protein (3.07 % and 3.01 % respectively); milk that comes from crossbreeding medium cows showed the lowest content of protein (2.89 %). The milk of cows older than six months presented the highest percentage of fat (4.35 %) and the highest of total solids content (11.60 %). The milk of cows fed with salt and molasses had a high percentage of fat (4.42 %) and total solids (11.90 %). It is concluded that crossbreeding, lactation cycle and food supplements influence the composition of milk from the cattle of El Retorno sector.

Factores que Influyen en la Composición de la Leche en el Sector el Retorno, Parroquia Sabanilla, Cantón Zamora, Provincia de Zamora Chinchipe   Ecuador