Comentário sobre: Wang Lijun, MicroRNAs no coração e na circulação durante o exercício físico

Wang et al. [1], recently published in the Journal of Sports and Heath Science a review study entitled “MicroRNAs in heart and circulation during physical exercise” in which they summarize the regulatory role of small non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs), related to physiopathology in cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular responses to physical exercise. MiRNAs are non-coding small sequences of RNA, 17 ~ 25 nucleotides [2], that can regulate gene expression by partially binding in 3‘ untranslated (3’UTR) regions of the messenger RNA (mRNA) inhibiting its translation [3]. It is known that different miRNAs can interact with a single mRNA, and mRNA can have its function altered by several miRNAs [4]. Thus, miRNAs, by regulating gene expression, can alter the cellular response by altering the health-disease relationship. Wang et al. [1] by summarizing the role of miRNAs in this process, they identify changes in specific miRNAs in various cardiac diseases, such as cardiac fibrosis, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF), as well as addressing the expression of miRNAs in physiological hypertrophy. In this commented article we covered the regulation of miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis, in I/R injury, added a topic to arterial hypertension system (SAH) and ended with HF, evidencing the epigenetic, counter-regulatory role of these molecules in disease and adaptation to exercise, regulating health-disease state.