Malignant testicular neoplasia: epidemiological analysis of cases reported in Brazil between 2015 and 2019

Testicular neoplasia is a relatively uncommon malignant pathology, representing 0.5% of all male neoplasms, being more frequent among individuals aged 15 to 34 years. The most common clinical presentation is testicular mass or scrotal swelling with or without associated pain or trauma, and the standard confirmatory diagnosis is orchiectomy. This study aimed to epidemiologically analyze the reported cases of malignant testicular neoplasia in Brazil between 2015 and 2019. Data for epidemiological research were obtained from DATASUS and bibliographic research was carried out through scientific articles. From the information revealed in this research, it is possible to observe an increasing diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the testicles in Brazil, with almost twice the number of cases observed between the years 2015 and 2019. Although relatively uncommon, testicular cancer is potentially deadly and its severity should not be underestimated and should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. It has a high chance of cure, with definitive surgical treatment, after a confirmatory diagnosis, in most cases, allowing the affected individual to have a normal life. Thus, more studies are needed to reveal the reasons for the increase in cases of testicular cancer in Brazil and worldwide, to understand whether regional differences are related to the number of cases or whether it is a failure in diagnosis and registration, as well as serving as a basis for actions of the government, in order to plan and execute policies aimed at combating the triggering factors of this disease.