The Effects of Non-pharmacological Interventions on Sleep Quality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background & Aims of the Study: Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes. Iranian researchers have used various interventions to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients. This meta-analysis study was performed to determine the effects of the interventions performed on improving sleep quality among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline EMBASE, as well as Persian databases (SID & IranMedex) were searched until 23 September 2020. The applied keywords were “sleep, sleep quality, diabetes, and diabetes mellitus”. Meta-analysis was performed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 8 published articles were entered in this meta-analysis. The obtained results suggested a significant heterogeneity between all articles included in this meta-analysis (I2=74.09, Q=27.016, P=0.0001). The STD Mean for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score in diabetic patients after the intervention in the case group was 0.84 higher than that in the control group. Researchers found no publication bias in this study. The STD Mean for the PSQI score in diabetic patients before and after the intervention in the case group was equal to 0.64. Conclusion: All interventions were performed to improve sleep quality in diabetic patients who were eligible for this meta-analysis, and significantly improved sleep quality in them.