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El Cesar es uno de los cuatro departamentos del Caribe colombiano que se constituyeron en la decada de los sesenta del siglo XX. En los cincuenta anos transcurridos desde su creacion, su economia experimento cambios estructurales ya que paso de ser una region primordialmente agropecuaria a ser una economia minera. Este estudio analiza la historia economica cesarence basada en tres etapas de su desarrollo: (i) los primeros 12 anos correspondieron a una bonanza economica generada por la agroindustria del algodon, donde tuvo un alto crecimiento economico y alcanzo uno de los mayores ingresos per capita del pais; (ii) luego, entro durante dos decadas en una etapa de estancamiento, por la crisis algodonera que afecto otras actividades como la ganaderia y, ademas, fue un periodo de inseguridad en el campo por las acciones de grupos al margen de la ley; y (iii) en los ultimos 17 anos la mineria de carbon se ha convertido en la actividad que genera el mayor porcentaje de su producto interno bruto y provee regalias que han incrementado las arcas de los presupuestos municipales y departamental. **** ABSTRACT: Cesar was one of the four departments in the Colombian Caribbean region that was constituted 1960s. During the last five decades its economy has faced important structural changes, such as going from an agricultural model to a mining dependent economy. This paper analyzes the economic history of the department based on three stages of its development. The first 12 years corresponded to the boom of the cotton agroindustry, where the main characteristic was a high economic and population growth, with one of the highest per capita income in the country. Then, the department went through a two decade stagnation period mainly caused by the cotton’s production crisis where some other primary sector activities were also affected. On top of that, it was a period of increasing violence due to the terrorist actions from illegal armed groups. The last period of analysis covers the last 17 years where coal mining strengthened and became the activity that generates the highest participation of Cesar’s gross domestic product and provides economic resources for municipal and departmental governments. Classification-JEL: N56, Q18, Q34, R11

Cincuenta años de la economía del Cesar: De la agroindustria del algodón a la extracción del Carbón