CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID SMOKE FROM THE PYROLYSIS OF DURIAN PEEL WASTE AT MODERATE TEMPERATURES

As a tropical country, Indonesia possesses abundant natural resources including a variety of plants. One of these interesting plants is durian (Durio zibethinus), which produces a large amount of biomass waste. High durian consumption results in a significant amount of peel waste. Similar to other biomass waste, durian peel contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are the main components that form liquid smoke. Durian peel pyrolysis is one method that can be used to produce liquid smoke, which can be used as a natural preservative, latex coagulant, and biopesticide. This research aimed to characterize liquid smoke generated from durian peel waste at moderate temperatures using the slow pyrolysis method. The batch reactor that was used has a 5 kg capacity and was run at temperatures of 300C, 340C, and 380C. The chemical compounds contained in the liquid smoke were tested quantitatively using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acetic acid and phenol were tested, qualitatively, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GC-MS results showed that more than 15 chemical compounds were detected in the liquid smoke, including phenolic acid, carbonyl, carboxylate, furan, and acid compounds, among others. The pyrolysis temperature greatly influences the resulting liquid smoke components, especially the composition of phenol and acetate. The highest phenol content (2%) was found in the liquid smoke that resulted from pyrolysis at 300C; while the highest acetic acid content (8%) was found in the liquid smoke that resulted from pyrolysis at 380C.