EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROXYAPATITE FROM SEABASS AND SEABREAM SCALE

The present study investigates the characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) extracted from seabass and seabream scales as by-product. Fish scales obtained from a seafood processing company were used to extract natural HAp powder.  HAp powder was extracted by alkaline heat treatment of fish scales and the synthesized HAp (FS-HAp) was extensively characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Calcium to phosphate ratio of the HAp was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and elemental analysis of HAp were also carried out using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the characterization analysis were compared with commercial hydroxyapatite standard (CHAp) and it was clearly confirmed that the extracted FS-HAp exactly showed CHAp characteristics physicochemically which is used as biomaterial. However, well diffusion assay revealed out that synthesized hydroxyapatite showed no activity against C. albicans , S. aureus and E. coli . It was concluded that, instead of synthetic apatite, extracted FS-HAp presents a potential promising biomaterial as the raw materials are by-product which economically cheap and sustainable substances.