Boistimulator effect of stress tolerant rhizobacteria on horticultural models

Due to the unique genetic characteristics that prokaryotes including bacteria possess, they are able to easily adapt and survive under extreme environmental conditions such as drought, salinity and wide ranges of pH. It is the vitality in the agro-ecosystems that researchers are investigating for opportunities to enhance agricultural inputs in the form of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The products of PGPR can be a significant component of management practices to achieve the attainable yield in degraded soil. The success lies in their aggressive root colonization potential around the rhizosphere. The stress adaptability of microbes is due to sophisticated signalling system that microbes have for eliciting an adaptive response to stresses. The most dramatic of these behaviours are the purposeful migration or movement of the cells toward favourable conditions. Also, such bacteria can be exploited as a successful strategy for protecting the plants against the deleterious effects caused by soil-and seed-borne deleterious plant pathogens. Thus, the PGPR biotechnologies can be exploited as a low input, sustainable, and environmentally friendly technology for stress management in plants (Maheshwari, 2012). For decades, agriculture, in areas that suffer from water scarcity such arid and semiarid environments, has faced a serious problem with increasing soil salinity. Salt is a necessary element for all life, but too much can be a problem. Saline soils will have a relatively high number of sodium ions compared to healthy soils. Excessive salt not only destroys the soil structure, but it also attracts water and blocks its absorption to plant roots. As a result, plants may exhibit signs of drought even when the soil is wet or waterlogged. Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in plant agriculture strongly, influencing plant productivity worldwide. Just as the results of high soil salinity on plants are seen in leaf and stem burns, it is hard on earthworms and microorganisms as well (Khan and Panda 2008). The total salt-affected land worldwide is estimated to be 900 million ha, 6% of the total global land mass (Flowers 2004). According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), if corrective measures are not taken, salinization of arable land will result in 30% land loss in the next 25 years and up to 50% by the year 2050 (Munns 2002). Salinity prevents plants from taking up water, exposing them to drought stress. These stresses have an adverse effect on plants, hampering their growth and finally production. Soil salinity is defined as the concentration of dissolvable salts extracted from soil by water (Richards 1954). Natural boundaries imposed by soil salinity also limit the caloric and the nutritional potential of agricultural production. These constraints are most acute in the areas devoted to agriculture; therefore, the urgent need of biological agents (bio-preparations) is accepted worldwide. Interest in the use Boistimulator effect of stress tolerant rhizobacteria on horticultural models