Exploration of Early Work Packaging in Construction Manager–General Contractor Highway Projects

State agencies have been successfully implementing construction manager–general contractor (CM-GC) delivery on highway projects. Although early work packaging is frequently cited in the literature as a primary benefit of CM-GC projects, there is limited research to substantiate or refute these benefits. In addition, agencies need a better understanding of the current state of the practice of early work packaging in the CM-GC process to help with effective implementation. In an ongoing FHWA research project, 12 of 34 completed CM-GC projects reported the use of early work packaging; these projects will be the focus of this study. Research methods used within this study include literature review, content review of agency manuals and instructions, project surveys, agency interviews, and case studies. Triangulated findings suggest that early work packaging can contribute to expediting project completion, mitigating project risk, reducing project cost, and minimizing public impacts. To achieve these outcomes, agencies must perform detailed planning to generate severable and independent packages that take into account all potential impacts to the project. Trends in data indicate that early work packages can lead to cost savings, yet the sample size does not provide statistical significance. Future research should explore the performance of a larger data set of CM-GC projects with and without early work packaging along with a cost–benefit analysis of early work packages.