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The Romano-Persian treaties of 299 and 363, the first between Diocletian and his colleagues and the Persian king Nerseh, the second between Jovian and Sapor II, are in themselves, though they survive only in brief and partial summaries, important documents in the history of Romano-Persian relations. The period in which they were produced, the first close to the beginning of it, the second close to the end, was an important stage in the development of relations between the two enduring and (in their own view) “civilized” powers of the ancient world. The importance of the treaties Eor the historian is two-fold. First, they constituted a large step in defining the troubled Romano-Persian border, at least in its southern sector, and produced an alignment which endured, with minor modifications, until the final decades of the sixth century Second, they were the last two agreements between the two states (at least until the reign of Maurice, 582-602) which were the consequence solely of military power and military action without the mediation of any significant diplomatic effort. Nevertheless, although in both cases one side was clearly dominant because these treaties -- and especially that of 363 -- recognized the legitimate interests of the other side, they laid the ground for the more mature relationship between Rome and Persia that was inaugurated by the negotiations in the 380's between the rep- resentatives of Theodosius I and Shapur III.

The Romano-Persian Peace Treaties of A.D. 299 and 363