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Purpose:  The effects of breastfeeding on postpartum depression symptoms and stress using physiological measures require investigation.   Background:  Breastfeeding suppresses the secretion of cortisol. Oxytocin levels correlate negatively with symptoms of postpartum depression.   Aim:  To investigate the effects of breastfeeding on stress and postpartum depression.   Methods:  We examined 79 breastfeeding women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, and measured the salivary cortisol levels before and after breastfeeding.   Findings:  There was a negative correlation between the duration of suckling and changes in salivary cortisol levels following breastfeeding ( r  s  = −0.333,  p  < 0.05). Salivary cortisol levels immediately following breastfeeding were significantly lower compared to mothers who used mixed feeding methods ( p  < 0.001). Breastfeeding mothers had lower perceived stress than mothers using mixed feeding methods (β = −0.260,  p  < 0.05). There was no association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression; however, there was an association between postpartum depression and perceived stress ( β  = 0.526,  p  < 0.001).   Conclusion:  Salivary cortisol levels significantly decreased following breastfeeding, with longer suckling times correlating with lower cortisol levels. Breastfeeding reduced stress and increased breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Effects of Breastfeeding on Stress Measured by Saliva Cortisol Level and Perceived Stress