Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, its correlation with gastroduodenal diseases and the incidence of gastric cancer in Nepal

Results: The H. pylori prevalence was 29.4% in overall distribution, 41.1% in gastritis and or duodenitis, 69.5% in gastric ulcer, 84.7% in duodenal ulcer, 20.8% in gastric polyp and 11.5% in gastric cancer. The H. pylori infection was significantly associated with gastritis and or duodenitis [P<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.47-1.59], gastric ulcer (P<0.001; OR 18.62, 95% CI 12.40-27.81), duodenal ulcer (P<0.001; OR 48.89, 95% CI 25.2394.75), gastric polyp (P=0.001; OR 7.66, 95% CI 3.18-18.44) and gastric cancer (P=0.005; OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.82-7.86). The age-standardized (world) annual rate of gastric cancer in Kaski district of Nepal was 3.3 per 100,000. Conclusions: The H. pylori prevalence in Nepal was lower than that shown in the previous studies of developing Asian countries, but was significantly high in gastritis and or duodenitis, and peptic ulcers. Similarly, the gastric cancer incidence was also low in Nepal and was significantly associated with H. pylori. Further study is needed to establish the association of H. pylori with gastric cancer in Nepal.