Türkiye’de Afet Zararlarını Azaltma Çalışmaları: Mevzuat Açısından Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Doga olaylarinin afet seklini almasi insanlarin olusturdugu sistemlerin bir sonucudur. Bu sistemlerin devamliligini ya da surekliligini saglayan ise, tabi olduklari yasal dayanaklar ve yonetmeliklerdir. Ilgili mevzuat cercevesinde tanimlanan kurallar da, zaman icerisinde teknoloji ve ihtiyaclar dogrultusunda degisirler. Turkiye’de afet zararlarini azaltma calismalarina yonelik ilgili yasa ve yonetmeliklerde yapilan degisimler hep yasanan afetler, talihsiz olaylar ve tecrubeler sonrasi gerceklesmistir. Cumhuriyet tarihimizde 1939 Erzincan Depremi ile baslayan depremlerin neden oldugu zararlari azaltilma calismalari bugun dahi istenilen duzeye erisememistir. Hatta 1999 Marmara depremine kadar yapilmis calismalarin cogunun afet sonrasi olusan zararlarin giderilmesi yonunde oldugu gozlenmektedir. Bu baglamda, yasanan 1999 Marmara depremi sonrasi, Turkiye’de afet zararlarini azaltma calismalarina yonelik denetim ve mevzuat yetersizlikleri sorgulanir hale gelmistir. Olusturulan yeni gundem neticesinde, TUBITAK ve cesitli universitelerin de katildigi “proje odakli” uygulamaya donuk bir donem baslamistir. Bu calismada, Osmanli doneminden gunumuze kadar gecen surecte, ulkemizde yururluge girmis yasal duzenlemeler kapsaminda yapilan uygulamalarla birlikte ne tur sorunlar ile karsilasildigi ve cozum onerilerine yonelik genel bir degerlendirme yapilmistir. Ayrica bugun halen yururlukte olan “6306 sayili Afet Riski Altindaki Alanlarin Donusturulmesi Hakkinda Kanunun” isleyisi elestirel bir bakis acisi ile incelenmistir. Disaster Mitigation Studies in Turkey:  An Overall Assessment in Terms of Laws and Regulations Abstract Natural events take the form of disaster is a result of man-made systems. Legal basis and regulations allows the continuity of these systems. The rules that are defined by legislation, over time, they change according to needs and technology... The changes made in the laws and regulations related to disaster mitigation in Turkey occurred after the unfortunate events and experienced disasters. Starting from the 1939 Erzincan earthquake of harm reduction efforts is not at the desired level even today.. In fact, it is observed that most of the work until 1999 Marmara earthquake is the elimination of the losses occurred after disasters. In this context, after the 1999 Marmara earthquake, lack of su pervision and legislation for disaster mitigation work in Turkey has become questionable. Created as a result of the new agenda, TUBITAK and the participation of various universities "project-oriented" applications began facing a period.. In this study, a general assessment of solutions was made about the applications under the legislation and the problems that our country is faced in the period from the Ottoman to the present day. In addition, which is still in force today “the Law on Transformation of Areas under the Disaster Risk No. 6306” was examined in a critical perspective.