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. The use of biodegradable polymers to encapsulate fertilizers is one of the main tools that help to prevent them to get carried away by the irrigation water, since phosphate based fertilizers are highly soluble. Indeed, this technology might improve productivity and reduce both costs and environmental pollution. In this work potassium phosphate was encapsulated in chitosan, which is one of the most abundant natural and biodegradable polymers widely applied in agriculture for plant defense and yield increase, applying the encapsulation method of spray drying to provide a high encapsulation efficiency rates. A 2k factorial design was implemented to evaluate the effect of the different operational parameters of the spray dryer on the particle size, measured by scan electronic microscopy, then it was obtained the average particle sizes to be between 1.08 to 2.04 µm. The release of KH2PO4 from chitosan spheres of different sizes was performed in Milli-Q water and was measured using the conductometry technique. The experiments revealed that the parameter with the greatest effect was the feed rate, and that the system with the smallest particle size obtained (1.08 µm) showed a slower release without losing an important amount of encapsulation efficiency. Resumen. La encapsulacion de fertilizantes en polimeros biodegradables es una de las principales herramientas empleadas que ayudan a prevenir que estos sean arrastrados por el agua de riego debido a que los fertilizantes base fosfato son extremadamente solubles. Estas particulas podrian mejorar la productividad y al mismo tiempo reducir costos y contaminacion ambiental. En este trabajo se encapsulo fosfato de potasio en quitosano, uno de los polimeros naturales bioedegradables mas abundantes ampliamente aplicados en agricultura para defensa e incremento de produccion, aplicando el metodo de secado por aspersion para obtener altas eficiencias de encapsulacion. Se implemento un diseno 2k para evaluar el efecto de los diferentes parametros de operacion del secador por aspersion sobre el tamano de particula, medido mediante microscopia electronica de barrido, despues se obtuvo que el tamano promedio de particula se encontro entre 1.08 to 2.04µm. La liberacion del KH2PO4 de las esferas de quitosano de diferentes tamanos se realizo en agua Milli-Q y fue medida usando la tecnica de conductimetria. Los experimentos revelaron que el parametro con el mayor efecto fue el flujo de alimentacion, y que el sistema con el menor tamano de particula obtenido (1.08 µm) mostro una liberacion mas lenta sin perder una importante cantidad de eficiencia de encapsulacion.

Microencapsulation of potassium phosphate in chitosan and the effect of spray drying operating variables on the particle size