Studying the Frequency of Nosocomial Infection and its Relative Factors in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospitals Based Upon NNI System

Nosocomial infections (NIS) are among the important issues of the previous century and current area that impose heavy costs on the healthcare system, elongate the period of hospitalization, and increase the mortality and morbidity rate among patients. The present research seeks to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections and their relative causes in the ICU of Besat Hospital of Tehran. This is a descriptive-cross sectional research lasting from March to August 2015. The questionnaire designed by NNIS was used to collect information. The patients’ clinical symptoms were regularly checked and if they were suspected of having infections, the necessary tests and cultivations were conducted. SPSS software was used to analyze the resulting data. A frequency rate of 35% was observed among the 377 patients in the hospital. The most common infections were pneumonia (89.4%), surgical site infection (4.5%), UTI (3%), and blood infection (3%). The most common pathogen in nosocomial infection was Acinetobacter (59.8%). A statistically significant correlation was observed between using mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tube and Central venous catheter and incidence of nosocomial infections (P < 0.50). There is also a significant correlation between intubation and affliction with nosocomial infection (P < 0.50). Using invasive methods and longer periods of hospitalization increase the risk of affliction with infection. Developing strategies to control and prevent infections based upon constant training of health center staff will also help decrease nosocomial infection in ICU.