Potencial biotecnológico de residuos vegetales para producir Pleurotus ostreatus en zonas rurales de Campeche

The objective of this study was to identify the main plant residues available in smallholder farming systems and use them as substrates for the cultivation of two strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (CP 50 and CP 753) under laboratory conditions. 184 questionnaires were applied in 13 rural communities in Campeche, Mexico. The availability of agricultural residues (t DM ha-1) in crops of corn, chihua pumpkin, x-pelon beans and tree species was evaluated. The selection of plant residues was evaluated in the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus strains. The variables evaluated in the Pleurotos culture were: colonization of the substrate, appearance of primordia, biological efficiency, colonization rate and production rate. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and an experimental design of random blocks. The availability (t DM ha-1) of the vegetable residues was corn (10.7), chihua pumpkin (14) and x-pelon beans (17.36). The CP-753 in bean stubble presented the shortest times with 12 and 15 days in colonization and appearance of primordia, while the CP-50 inoculated in pixoi fruit was the least efficient. The bean stubble substrate inoculated with the CP-753 strain presented the best biological efficiency with values of 102.75 ±7.48 and a production rate of 5.13 g day-1. Most of the producers surveyed have an interest in using the plant residues generated in the lots or backyards as productive alternatives using agroecological strategies that contribute to the generation of economic income for much of the year.