Lipopéptidos producidos por agentes de control biológico del género Bacillus: revisión de herramientas analíticas utilizadas para su estudio

The genus Bacillus has a wide metabolic diversity associated with its prevalence in various ecosystems. At present, one of the most studied characteristics of this bacterial genus is its ability to reduce the incidence of diseases in agricultural crops, due to the direct or indirect repression of the growth of the causative agents of said diseases. Among the most studied mechanisms in the biological control of strains of the genus Bacillus against phyto-pathogenic agents, lipopeptides, such as surfactins, iturins and phengicins, which are low molecular weight compounds with amphiphilic characteristics that provide protection to plants both in preconditions as post-harvest. Lipopeptides can directly antagonize phytopathogenic agents and induce systemic resistance strategies in associated plants. However, the wide use of lipopeptides in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, or food sector depends on the development of efficient and economical analytical processes for the extraction, identification, and quantification of said bioactive compounds. This test presents an analysis of various analytical procedures used for the extraction, and qualitative and quantitative identification of these metabolites.