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Background and objectives: Despite advances in prenatal care, there is a high rate of morbidity and mortality in infants of diabetic mothers. Interventricular septal hypertrophy is a well-known congenital heart abnormality in neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes. In this study, we investigate the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on interventricular septum thickness. Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, 42 neonates from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and 42 neonates from non-diabetic mothers were selected from gynecology ward of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan (Iran) between April 2016 and April 2017. Ventricular septum thickness in neonates was measured by M-mode echocardiography. Comparison of septum thickness and frequency of septal hypertrophy between the two groups was performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test. All statistical analyses were preformed in SPSS 16 at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean septum thickness was 4.51±1.58 mm in newborns of non-diabetic mothers and 5.84±1.44 mm in newborns of diabetic mothers (P<0.001). Septal hypertrophy (thickness of ≥6 mm) was significantly more common in newborns of diabetic mothers (P=0.029). In addition, we found no significant difference in septum thickness between newborns of diabetic mothers receiving diet or insulin therapy. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between gestational diabetes and ventricular septal hypertrophy. In addition, glycemic control with diet or insulin therapy has no significant impact on septum thickness.

Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Interventricular Septum Thickness in Newborns in the Golestan Province, Iran