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Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury
Author(s) -
Jon Solomon,
Theodor D. Leininger,
Ayjay Wilson,
Randy L. Anderson,
L.C. Thompson,
F. I. McCracken
Publication year - 1993
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Reports
DOI - 10.2737/so-gtr-96
Subject(s) - environmental science , air pollution , pollution , toxicology , environmental chemistry , biology , ecology , chemistry
The ashes (Fraxinus spp.) are one of the authors' more valuable hardwood resources--some 275 million board feet of ash lumber are sawn annually in the United States. Insects, diseases, and pollutants are continuing problems for the ashes, but few actually threaten their widespread use. Disease, simply stated, is a condition of abnormal growth resulting from infection by a biotic agent (fungus, bacterium, or virus), or induced by an abiotic stress such as drought or air pollution.

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