Effective recreation visitor communication strategies: Rock climbers in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana

A four-stage model of decisionmaking was investigated in the context of low-impact practices among rock climbers in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana. Previous research has suggested that knowing what to do to minimize environmental and social impacts may not be the only factor limiting compliance with recommended visitor behaviors. Results from a sample of climbers at Kootenai Creek indicate that the way people are introduced to the sport has an important influence on attitudes toward low-impact practices. Significant differences were found between those who learned to rock climb indoors and those who learned to rock climb outdoors, as well as between those who were introduced to the sport of climbing with fixed anchors versus those introduced with removable climbing equipment. Summary recommendations for effective natural resource communications focus not just on what visitors are being asked to do, but also when, why, and how it is socially appropriate for them to do so.