Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unprocessed Eucalyptus logs and chips from South America

In this report, we assess the un mitigated pest risk potential of importing Eucalyptus logs and chips fro m South America into the United States. To do this, we esti mated the likelihood and consequences o f introducing representative insects and pathogens of concern. Nineteen individual pest risk assess ments were prepared, eleven dealing with insects and eight with pathogens. The selected organis ms were representative examples of insects and pathogens found on the foliage, on the bark, in the bark, and in the wood of Eucalyptus spp. Among the insects and pathogens assessed, eight were rated a high risk potential: purple moth (Sarsina violescens ), scolytid bark and a mbrosia beetles ( Scolytopsi s brasiliensis, Xyleborus retusus, Xyleborus biconicus, Xyleborus spp.), carpenter worm (Chilecomadia valdiviana) on Eucalyptus nitens, round-headed wood borers ( Chydarteres striatus, Retrachydere s thoracicus, Trachyderes spp., Steirastoma breve, Stenodontes pinibarbis), eucal yptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata ), Botryosphaeria cankers ( Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryosphaeria obtusa, Botryosphaeria ribi ), Ceratocystis canker ( Ceratocystis fimbriata), and pink disease ( Erythricium salmonicolor ).