A crise dos fundamentos das ciências modernas: Uma leitura a partir de Edmund Husserl

Estas reflexoes tem como objetivo principal analisar a crise dos fundamentos das ciencias modernas na perspectiva de Edmund Husserl. Com efeito, na primeira metade do seculo XX, o autor das Investigacoes logicas levanta o brado em torno da existencia de uma crise cientifica e, ao mesmo tempo, procura diagnosticar as causas e remediar os males que acarretaram tal crise. Mais precisamente, o pensamento husserliano tem como ponto de partida a critica aos limites e a possibilidade do conhecimento proposto pelas filosofias de Descartes e de Kant. Mas Husserl ataca igualmente o espirito reducionista do positivismo cientifico – com o desenvolvimento e a sofisticacao de suas tecnicas – assim como a imposicao nao menos reducionista do historicismo que, ao afastarem o “sujeito do mundo”, romperam suas “relacoes primigenias”, espoliando assim o papel do sujeito na construcao do conhecimento. Abstract : These reflections aim principally at analyzing the crisis of the modern science foundations from Edmund Husserl’s perspective. Indeed, at the first half of the 20 th century, the author of Logical Investigations points vehemently out to the existence of a scientific crisis and tries, at the same time, to diagnose the causes and to show a solution to the disadvantages that brought about such a crisis. More precisely, the Husserlian thought has as its starting point the critique against the limits and the possibilities of knowledge proposed by the philosophies of Descartes and Kant. However, Husserl also attacks the reducing spirit of scientific positivism – together with the development and sophistication of its techniques – as well as the no less reducing and imposing historicism. Both trends have not only removed the “world subject”, but also disrupted its “primeval relations” having, thus, deprived the role of the subject in the construction of knowledge. Keywords : Husserl, crisis, sciences, subject, knowledge.