Petrografia, geoquímica e geocronologia das rochas metavulcânicas e metaplutônicas dos Greenstone Belts faina e Serra de Santa Rita : implicações para o ambiente tectônico

The Archean-Paleoproterozoic Terrane of Goiás is an allochthonous fragment of Archean-Paleoproterozoic crust that is a part of the Tocantins Province and was amalgamated to the west margin of the Brasília Belt during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano orogeny. The terrane comprises an association of Archean granite-gneisses complexes (TTG) and Archean to Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts. The Faina and Serra de Santa Rita greenstone belts are located in the southern portion of the terrane and are separated by the Faina Fault. These belts are composed of lower metavolcanic sequences that comprise basal ultramafic rocks interpreted as metakomatiites overlain by metabasalts and metasedimentary sequences. The metabasalts correspond to amphibolites restricted to the Serra de Santa Rita greenstone belt and are associated with metandesite lenses and dioritic to tonalitic polydeformed intrusions. These rocks were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies and submitted to greenschist facies retrometamorphism. This work investigate the geochemical and isotopic signatures of the metavolcanic and metaplutonic rocks of the Faina and Serra de Santa Rita greenstone belts aiming to establish the different periods of magmatism and the tectonic enviroment of these sequences. Our data indicate that the ultramafic rocks present some similar chemical characteristics to modern boninites. The amphibolites are subdivided into two groups: The type 1 basalts and the type 2 basalts. The type 1 basalts are tholeiites similar to back-arc basin basalts (BABB). The type 2 basalts have high Nb contents (5-12 ppm) and resemble Nb-enriched basalts (NEB) that occur associated with adakites in some hot Phanerozoic island arcs and were also reported in some Archean greenstone belts. The metandesites, metadiorites and metatonalites show some of the main chemical diagnostic features of adakites, including low Yb (0.7-1.6 ppm), Y (8-17 ppm) and fractionation of HREE (La/Ybcn=7-19). The metandesites and metatonalites are characterized by higher SiO2 contents (56-68%) and resemble high-SiO2 adakites (HSA), while the metadiorites have lower SiO2 (54-58%) and very high MgO (9-15%), Cr (440-1060 ppm) and Ni (231-473 ppm) contents, resembling low-SiO2 adakites (LSA) or high-Mg andesites (HMA). LA-ICP-MS UPb zircon dating show two main periods of igneous activity: 2.96-2.92 Ga and 2.79 Ga. The rocks crystallized in the first period (2.96-2.92 Ga) show TDM between 3.08 and 2.99 Ga, and ƐNd (t) between 2.18 and 2.77, indicating juvenile magmatic signatures and absence of older sialic crust contamination. A metatonalite sample crystallized at 2.79 Ga shows TDM of 3.13 Ga and ƐNd (t) of -0.30, indicanting crustal contribution in this second period. The data suggest that the volcanic and plutonic protholiths of the Faina and Serra de Santa Rita greenstone belts are inserted into an intraoceanic forearc-arc-back-arc system. The initial stage corresponds to the eruption of ultramafic lava in the forearc region of a proto-island arc, at 2.96 Ga. The evolution of the island arc and subduction progression led to oceanic slab-melting and adakite generation. Melting of the residual mantle that was previously metasomatized by adakitic melt generated Nb-enriched basalts. Decompression mantle melting at the back-arc region generated tholeiite flows. At 2.92 Ga, the adakitic melt was totally consumed by peridotite mantle and the subsequent melting of these hybridized mantle wedge generated high-Mg andesites that lodged in the crust as dioritic intrusions with high MgO, Cr and Ni contents. The late stage corresponds to a continental arc formation at 2.79 Ga, marked by tonalitic magmatism and amalgamation with other island and continental arcs that constitute the Uvá and Caiçara TTG complexes to form the Archean substrate of the southern portion of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Terrane of Goiás.