Dinâmica das integrações de minicírculos de kDNA de Trypanosoma Cruzi no genoma hospedeiro

Chagas' disease is considered a major endemic disease in Latin America, and there are approximately eight million people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi worldwide, especially in Latin America. The association between lateral gene transfer of T. cruzi kDNA minicircle into host genome and the onset of clinical manifestations of Chagas disease is described in the literature. However, the mechanisms that lead to autoimmune reactions are to need to be elucidated. In the present study, we have developed a protocol quantitative PCR (qPCR), which permitted quantitation of kDNA minicircle integrations T. cruzi into the host genome, confirming thus the transfer of the minicircle into the genome of the host J774.A1 cells. It was found that there is an accumulation of integrations over time J774.A1 cells. As kDNA insertions occur, there is change in melting curve, indicating change in composition or size of the integrated fragments. In fact, cloning and sequencing of amplicons showed loss of nucleotides in kDNA variable region. Benznidazole is able to eliminate the infection, but does not prevent the integration and accumulation of kDNA sequences. AZT, an inhibitory drug for retro transposition, shows to be effective in controlling integration events. In vivo experiments confirmed in vitro findings, showing a greater amount of integrations in animals that were in the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Further studies are needed to determine the role of kDNA accumulation in severity of clinical manifestations. However, the real significance of such date is not restricted to Chagas disease, but rather extends throughout the evolutionary process, where the acquisition of exogenous DNA would help boost a genetic flow introducing higher complexity to species.