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The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is a numerical stencil computation method, which is widely used in solving electromagnetic simulation problems. However, this algorithm is both computing and storage intensive, so the simulation efficiency is usually restricted in software implementation on CPUs. Recently, hardware accelerators have proved to be effective in improving the performance of various stencil computations. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture of the 3D FDTD algorithm along with a practical convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) boundary condition and implement it on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). By applying the chain processing elements array and temporal parallel strategy, the proposed accelerator can achieve a maximum of 608 mega cells per second (Mcells/s), which is approximately 6 times higher than that of other reported designs on FPGAs. Moreover, the accelerator can maintain the speed above 467 Mcells/s for different grid sizes and CPML layers without modifying the hardware design, which demonstrates the performance stability and flexibility of the architecture under various applications.

PARALLEL HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE OF THE 3D FDTD ALGORITHM WITH CONVOLUTIONAL PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER BOUNDARY CONDITION