Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Malva sylvestris

The objectives of this study were analysis of the secondary metabolite products and evaluation antibacterial activity. Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty six bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. GC-MS analysis of Malva sylvestris revealed the existence of the1-Propanamine , 2-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyldene), Pyrrolidine,1-(1-oxo-2,5-octadecadienyl), Dimethyl sulfoxide , Cyclohexylamine ,N-ethyl, N-(2-Methylbutylidene)isobutylamine , 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolideethanol , 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine , 1-Butanamine , 2-methyl-N-(2-methylbutylidene), 4-(Pyrrolidin-2ylcarbonyl)morpholine , Dithiocarbamate , S-methyl-,N-(2-methyl-3-oxobutyl), l-Gala-l-ido-octonic lactone , 1-(5'methylfurfuryl)pyrrolidine , 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol , Pyrrolizin-1,7-dione-6-carboxylic acid , methyl(ester) , 1Naphthaienol , 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,5,8-trimethyl, Pterin-6-carboxylic acid , N-(2-Acetamido)iminodiacetic acid , N-(1Hydroxy-4-oxo-1-phenylperhydroquinolizin-3-yl)carbamic , Cyclopropanedodecanoic acid , 2-octyl-,methyl ester , Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α), 3-(N,N-Dimethyllaurylammonio)propanesulfonate , Pyrazole[4,5-b]imidazole , 1-formyl-3-ethyl-6-β-d-ribofuranosyl, Octahydrobenzo[b]pyran , 4a-acetoxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl, Tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile , 4,6-Heptadien-3-one,1,7-diphenyl, Pentanoic acid ,2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl , isobutyl ester , DFructose , diethyl mercaptal, pentaacetate , Phytol , Hexadecanamide , Tributyl acetylcitrate , Cholestan-3-one,cyclic 1,2ethanediyl aetal , (5β), Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate ( ester), 9-Desoxo-9-x-acetoxy-3,8,12-tri-O-acetylingol , (+)-y-Tocopherol, O-methyl, Campesterol and Stigmasterol. Keyword: Malva sylvestris, Gas chromatography, Phytochemical, Malvaceae. INTRODUCTION Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae family), annual or biennial herbaceous medicinal plant usually known as common mallow, is native to Asia, North Africa and Europe. The high mucilage content of Malva sylvestris makes it an excellent demulcent that can be used for many applications. In the digestive tract the fruit mucilage can be used to heal and soothe inflammations such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, enteritis, and colitis. Malva sylvestris L. has been used in folk medicine of Brazil and other countries for the treatment of colitis and stomatitis, in cases of chronic bronchitis, against furuncle and abscess, contusions and haemorrhoids as well as other dolorous and inflammatory processes. Young leaves considered one of the culinary herbs in Palestine and in other Mediterranean countries, they are eaten raw in salads or consumed in soups and as boiled vegetables. A pharmaceutical suspension, is thermodynamically unstable, thus, making it necessary to include in the dosage form, a stabilizer or suspending agent which reduces the rate of settling and permits easy redispersion of any settled particulate matter both by protective colloidal action and by increasing the consistency of the suspending medium. It is also widely recognized to have anti-inflammatory properties, some other pharmacological and clinical effects are frequently mentioned such as diuretic, laxative, antiseptic, antispasmodic, lenitive, choleretic, bronchodilator, expectorant, antitussive and antiacne activities. Malva sylvestris is an herbaceous plant used in phitotherapy and widely distributed in Terpenoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins were identified in water leaf extract of the plant. It is used for many purposes as medicine, nutrition, fibrous, green color dye, and cosmetic from centuries. Numbers of medical and pharmacologic researches about nettle are increased day by day. Nettle leaves contain anthocyanin glycosides, quercetin, rutin flavonoids, chlorophylll a, chlorophylll b, β-carotene, and lutein . MATERIALS AND METHODS Malva sylvestris were were collected from local market in Hilla city, middle of Iraq. After thorough cleaning and removal of foreign materials. About eighteen grams of methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris powdered were soaked in one hundred mL methanol for ten hours in a DOI number: 10.25258/phyto.v9i2.8127 Abeer et al. / Phytochemical Screening of... IJPPR, Volume 9, Issue 4: April 2017 Page 538 Table 1: Major phytochemical compounds identified in methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris. Pharmacologic al actions MS Fragmentions Chemical structure Exact Mass Molecu lar Weight RT (min) Phytochemical compound Seri al No. Unknown 57,84,112 127.136099 3 127 3.218 1-Propanamine , 2-methyl-N-(2methylpropyldene )1. Unknown 55,81,98,1 13,150,220 ,264,333 333.303165 333 3.396 Pyrrolidine,1-(1oxo-2,5octadecadienyl)2. antiinflammatory, and an antioxidant 63,78 78.013936 78 3.476 Dimethyl sulfoxide 3. antiinflammatory and antioxidant 55,71,84,9 8,127 127.136099 3 127 3.590 Cyclohexylamine ,N-ethyl4. antistereochemistr y 57,69,98,1 13,126 141.15175 141 3.877 N-(2Methylbutylidene) isobutylamine 5. Unknown 55,84,98,1 29 129.115364 129 4.306 1-Methyl-2pyrrolideethanol 6. Antimicrobial, Anti-malarial, Antibacterial 56,84,98,1 28 129.115364 129 4.449 2-(2Hydroxyethyl)pip eridine 7. antimicrobial activity 56,70,84,9 8,113,127, 140,154 155.167399 155 4.563 1-Butanamine , 2methyl-N-(2methylbutylidene) 8.