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This article investigates the sources of foreign ministries’ policy-making capacity in presidential regimes. Using the concept of family resemblance, we argue that professionalization of the diplomatic corps is a necessary condition, whereas the institutional attributions of the ministry and the degree of presidential delegation are relevant but substitutable elements. The higher the scores on either of the latter dimensions, the stronger is the capacity of the foreign ministry to influence the chief executive and to contest other players’ policy preferences. To empirically validate our concept, we measure the three dimensions in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico between 1946 and 2015 using data on diplomats’ recruitment and career paths, influence of diplomatic schools and doctrines, appointment patterns of foreign ministers, and relevance of presidential diplomacy, with an emphasis on travels abroad. Our analysis indicates that Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico enjoy a high level of professionalization of their diplomatic corps; however, differences—both across countries and over time—remain regarding institutional attributions and presidential delegation. Resumen Este articulo investiga las fuentes de la capacidad de formulacion de politicas en los ministerios de relaciones exteriores de regimenes presidenciales. Utilizando el concepto de “parecido de familia”, sostenemos que la profesionalizacion del cuerpo diplomatico es una condicion necesaria, mientras que las atribuciones institucionales del ministerio y el grado de delegacion presidencial son elementos relevantes pero intercambiables. Cuanto mas alto sea el puntaje en cualquiera de las dos ultimas dimensiones, mayor sera la capacidad del ministerio para influenciar al presidente y doblegar las preferencias de otros actores. Para validar empiricamente el concepto, medimos sus tres dimensiones en Argentina, Brasil y Mexico entre 1946 y 2015 utilizando datos sobre reclutamiento y carrera diplomatica, influencia academica y doctrinas diplomaticas, patrones de nombramiento de ministros y relevancia de la diplomacia presidencial con enfasis en viajes internacionales. Nuestro analisis indica que Argentina, Brasil y Mexico hoy disfrutan de un alto nivel de profesionalizacion de su cuerpo diplomatico. Sin embargo, persisten grandes diferencias —entre paises y en el tiempo— en lo que hace a las atribuciones institucionales y el grado de delegacion presidencial.

The Policy-Making Capacity of Foreign Ministries in Presidential Regimes: A Study of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, 1946–2015