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The Islamic political system is based on an accurate theory of organization founded on the Shari’ah-based approach to the universe and human being. This theory involves a complete systematization of governance: organization of state authority and administration (competences and relationship), economy and finance, foreign policy and the relation with other political entities. Over time, the Islamic political thought developed a new logic and reasoning because of several variants among which the interaction with the different systems surrounding the Arabian Peninsula remains the most influential. Immediately after the death of the Prophet, there began a struggle for power and leadership, the four companions and successors of the Prophet all being assassinated in a conspiracy a few years after their coming to power. The consequences of these developments caused the governance model established during the Prophet’s life and maintained with consistent perseverance by his companions to be forsaken and abandoned (35 AH-656AC). Priests and politicians, aware of this transformation, initiated one of the most complex and hardest campaigns to convince the Muslim nation to agree on the legitimacy of the new order in managing the public affairs. A new era began for Muslims, a serial of oppression and segregation replaced Shari’ah dimension of justice and freedom. The OPOLSKIE STUDIA ADMINISTRACYJNO-PRAWNE XIV/3

Al-Shura – the consultative system administrating public affairs in Shari’ah