Crashworthiness Analysis and Enhancement of Aircraft Structures under Vertical Impact Scenarios

This research focuses on the crashworthiness study and enhancement of commercial aircraft structures by developing crushable energy absorbers to work as vertical struts. To assess their contribution on a representative crash scenario, a numerical simulation of a Boeing 737-200 drop test developed and verified with experimental data is used as a benchmark. The numerical model is then enhanced with four hybrid energy absorbers designed for programmed and progressive collapse, added in the cargo compartment connecting the underfloor beams and the frames. These devices are composed of a square aluminum tube filled with a composite skeleton and foam extrusions for maximized energy absorption. The enhanced aircraft is later on simulated under hard landing and water ditching scenarios, analyzing the benefits resulting from the absorbers according to structural efficiency and biometric criteria. Results show increased plastic dissipation values by the main structural components given the modified collapse mechanism obtained when adding the crushable absorbers. Peak acceleration values are also reduced, consequently lessening the passenger injury prediction at the studied locations.