Clogging of Joule-Thomson Devices in Liquid Hydrogen Handling

Experiments conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center indicate that Joule - Thomson de vices become clogged when transferring liquid hydrogen ( LH 2), operating at a temperature range from 20.5K to 24.4K. Blockage does not exist under all test conditions but is found to be sensitive to the inlet temperature of the LH 2. At a subcooled inlet te mperature of 20.5K blockage consistently appears but is dissipated when the fluid temperature is raised above 24.5K. Clogging steadily reduced flow rate through the orifices, eventually resulting in complete blockage. This tendency poses a threat to space craft cryogenic propulsion systems that would utilize passive thermal control systems. We propose that this clogging is due to trace amounts of neon in the regular LH 2 supply. Neon freezes at 24.5K at one atmosphere pressure. It is postul ated that between 20.5K and 24.5 K, neon remains in a meta -stable, super -cooled liquid state. When impacting the face of an orifice, liquid neon droplets solidify and accumulate, blocking flow over time. The purpose of this test program was to definitively quantify the pheno mena experimentally by obtaining direct visual evidence of orifice clogging by accretion from neon contaminates in the LH 2 flow stream, utilizing state of the art imaging technology. Tests were conducted with LH 2 flowing in the temperature range of 20.5K t o 24.4K. Additional imaging was also done at LH 2 temperatures with no flow to verify clear view through the orifice.