A non-tracheal intubation (tubeless) anesthetic technique with spontaneous respiration for upper airway surgery

The most important consideration for administration of anesthesia in upper airway surgery is maintenance of a patient's airway for optimal surgical exposure, adequate ventilation and sufficient depth of anesthesia. The tubeless anesthetic techniques, including total intravenous anesthesia with a combination of propofol and remifentanil or inhalation anesthesia with the insufflation of anesthetic gas, are considered experimental in many countries.