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Background: Leishmania is a vector-borne parasite responsible for significant morbidity and\udmortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for\udLeishmania infantum seropositivity in a sample of Sicilian population.\udMethods: A total of 260 subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and requested\udfor an venous blood sample.\udResults: Overall, 36 subjects (13.8%) were seropositive against L. infantum with a statistically\udsignificant higher prevalence of positivity in older subjects (p=0.04). After adjustment for age, a\udhigher risk for Leishmania seropositivity was found in subjects who had pets living outdoors and\uduntreated with anti-pests, and in those who were current smokers (adj-OR = 2.95 and adj-OR = 3.11,\udrespectively; p < 0.05).\udConclusionS: Our data confirm that Leishmania infections among Sicilian citizens can be considered\udrelatively frequent, suggesting that a percentage of Leishmania seropositivity can be probably\udattributed to exposure to both old and new risk factors

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Leishmania seropositivity in a sample population of Western Sicily (Italy)