Perinatal outcomes of patients diagnosed borderline gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: Although the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus to maternal and fetal health are well known, we have few data about maternal and fetal condition of borderline gestational diabetic pregnants who have gestational hyperglycemia not meeting gestational diabetes criteria. Considering this, we aimed to investigate perinatal and neonatal outcomes of patients who have borderline gestational diabetes mellitus in our hospital. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively examined maternal characteristics, obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnants whose antenatal follow-up and birth occurred in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Faculty of Medicine in Çukurova University between January 2009 and January 2013 and who have normal 50g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but abnormal 100-g OGTT and have normal 50-g OGCT test results. SPSS v. 19.0 statistics software was used for data analysis. For the statistical significance level between results, p value was taken as <0.05. Results: A total of 239 pregnant women were included in the study. The study group consisted of 105 pregnant women whose 50-g OGTT results were abnormal but 100-g OGTT results were within normal limits and the control group consisted of 134 pregnant women whose 50-g OGTT results were within normal limits. Compared to healthy pregnant women, mean age of the women in the study group was found to be significantly higher (p=0.000). The duration of hospitalization in the study group was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to the control group (p=0.001). Mode of delivery, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, the presence of fetal distress and postpartum hemorrhage were analyzed in both groups. Only postpartum hemorrhage was found to be statistically significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p=0.049). There was statistically no significant difference in neonates between two groups for LGA, SGA, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal admissions to the intensive care unit and neonatal death. Conclusion: In our study, perinatal and neonatal outcomes of patients who have borderline gestational diabetes mellitus and normoglisemic condition are same except postpartum hemorrhage and hospitalization period. To acquire perinatal and neonatal outcomes of women with borderline gestational diabetes mellitus, we need further well-designed randomized studies with larger populations.