Rare coexistence of sialolithiasis and actinomycosis in the submandibular gland

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection. This infection is characterized by formation of multiple abscesses, draining sinuses, and granulation tissue. The three major clinical presentations of actinomycosis include the cervicofacial region, pulmothoracic region, and abdominopelvic regions. In cervicofacial actinomycosis, the submandibular area, parotid gland and buccal space are affected. Primary involvement of the submandibular gland is not frequent. Actinomycosis with sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland is a rare situation. Actinomyces are found as commensal organisms in the human oral cavity, respiratory and digestive tracts. The bacteria become invasive when a mucosal lesion gains access to the subcutaneous tissue.